These sets of PoPs can be called "edges", "edge nodes", "edge servers", or "edge networks" as they would be the closest edge of CDN assets to the end user. Most CDN providers will provide their services over a varying, defined, set of PoPs, depending on the coverage desired, such as United States, International or Global, Asia-Pacific, etc. In an optimal scenario, these two goals tend to align, as edge servers that are close to the end user at the edge of the network may have an advantage in performance or cost. When optimizing for cost, locations that are the least expensive may be chosen instead. This may be measured by choosing locations that are the fewest hops, the lowest number of network seconds away from the requesting client, or the highest availability in terms of server performance (both current and historical), to optimize delivery across local networks. When optimizing for performance, locations that are best for serving content to the user may be chosen. Requests for content are typically algorithmically directed to nodes that are optimal in some way. Others build a global network and have a small number of geographical PoPs. The number of nodes and servers making up a CDN varies, depending on the architecture, some reaching thousands of nodes with tens of thousands of servers on many remote points of presence (PoPs). Benefits include reducing bandwidth costs, improving page load times, and increasing the global availability of content. Technology ĬDN nodes are usually deployed in multiple locations, often over multiple Internet backbones. Marking the 25th anniversary of the birth of CDNs, the history of the transformational role that CDNs played in creating the first edge networks that soon led to edge computing, edge security services, edge clouds, and other edge technologies was told in an episode of ACM SIGCOMM's Networking Channel. CDN vendors may cross over into other industries like security, DDoS protection and web application firewalls (WAF), and WAN optimization.
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In turn, a CDN pays Internet service providers (ISPs), carriers, and network operators for hosting its servers in their data centers.ĬDN is an umbrella term spanning different types of content delivery services: video streaming, software downloads, web and mobile content acceleration, licensed/managed CDN, transparent caching, and services to measure CDN performance, load balancing, Multi CDN switching and analytics and cloud intelligence.
Content owners such as media companies and e-commerce vendors pay CDN operators to deliver their content to their end users.
ĬDNs are a layer in the internet ecosystem. Since then, CDNs have grown to serve a large portion of the Internet content today, including web objects (text, graphics and scripts), downloadable objects (media files, software, documents), applications ( e-commerce, portals), live streaming media, on-demand streaming media, and social media sites. CDNs came into existence in the late 1990s as a means for alleviating the performance bottlenecks of the Internet as the Internet was starting to become a mission-critical medium for people and enterprises. The goal is to provide high availability and performance by distributing the service spatially relative to end users. A content delivery network, or content distribution network ( CDN), is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers.
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